This membrane produces synovial fluid to reduce friction between the articular surfaces. A synovial membrane forms the lining of the inner surface of the joint capsule. First described in 1829, the glenohumeral ligaments do not act as traditional ligaments that carry a pure tensile force along their length, but rather, the glenohumeral ligaments become taut at varying positions of abduction and humeral rotation. While the joint capsule itself is a contiguous supportive structure surrounding the articulating elements, the capsulolabral complexes include important characteristic thickened bands that constitute the glenohumeral ligaments. Structurally the joint capsule wraps around the anatomic neck of the humerus to the rim of the glenoid fossa. The glenohumeral joint is enclosed by a joint capsule that encapsulates the structures of the joint in a fibrous sheath. This increased mobility contributes to it being the most commonly dislocated joint. ĭue to the loose joint capsule, and the relative size of the humeral head compared to the shallow glenoid fossa (4:1 ratio in surface area), it is one of the most mobile joints in the human body. The labrum is continuous with the tendon of the biceps brachii at its superior aspect. The glenoid cavity is a shallow osseous element that is structurally deepened by a fibrocartilagenous rim, the glenoid labrum, that spans the osseous periphery of the vault. The articulating surfaces of both have a lining of articular cartilage. Specifically, it is the head of the humerus that contacts the glenoid cavity (or fossa) of the scapula. The glenohumeral joint is a ball and socket joint that includes a complex, dynamic, articulation between the glenoid of the scapula and the proximal humerus.
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